Items of № 9, 2014

The Electrosvyaz Magazine is one of the leading science & technical magazines in Russia.

ALGORITHM OF CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION IN UBIQUITOUS SENSOR NETWORKS

Y.M. Al-Naggar, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, postgraduate; yahya_alnaggar@yahoo.com

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called Cluster-Head selection using Fuzzy Logic with Voronoi diagram in USNs (CHS-FL-VD) that is a distributed algorithm which makes local decisions to select cluster head using a fuzzy inference system based on two parameters which are remaining energy and centrality by Voronoi diagram. Cluster formation using Voronoi diagram. Disseminating data from cluster heads to the base station using gateway and direct connection to properly distribute energy and ensure maximum network life time. A comparison with LEACH and Fuzzy C-Means algorithms has been done. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm consumes less energy and prolongs the network life time compared with these algorithms.
Keywords: Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, residual energy, lifetime, clustering, Voronoi diagram, Cluster Head Selection, Fuzzy Logic.


USE OF THE TV BROADCASTING FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS FOR DELIVERY OF TV MULTIPLEX

A.G. Vladyko, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg University of Telecommunications, Head of Research Department, Ph.D.; vladyko@bk.ru
V.D. Goregliad, Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network, Deputy Director-General; vgoreglyad@rtrn.ru
Y.A. Kovalgin, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg University of Telecommunications, professor, Head of Department radio reception, broadcasting and electromagnetic compatibility, Dr.Sci. (Tech.); kowalgin@sut.ru
S.V. Myshyanov, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg University of Telecommunications, Chief Specialist of the scientific work of students; mishyanov@gmail.com

It suggested the variants of construction of transport networks of backhaul multiplex to broadcast transmitters. The researchers confirmed possibility in principle of constructing of single-frequency networks of digital broadcasting, which work together with the proposed by the performer the transport network of backhaul multiplex. This study shows that the selected equipment for the transport network allows to control the work of the transport network remotely. Feasibility calculations of the paper suggest that the variant of construction of transport network of TV broadcasting based on the use of TV channels frequencies is more preferable either in terms of economic performance or in terms of simple implementation and speed of operational commissioning. Keywords: transport networks, principle of constructing, TV channels frequencies.


SOURCE TRAFFIC MODEL FOR TARGET TRACKING UBIQUITOUS SENSOR NETWORKS

A.I. Vybornova, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, postgraduate; a. vybornova@gmail.com

According to the latest forecasts in the nearest future Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN) will significantly influence on the global telecommunication traffic. For this reason research on USN traffic and creation of USN source traffic models are necessary. On this paper we provide source traffic model for target tracking UNS based on ON/OFF model. Additionally we suggest the probability distribution functions for the lengths of ON and OFF intervals resulting from the simulation modelling.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, Target tracking, source traffic model, Pareto distribution, ON/OFF model, traffic self-similarity.


CONSTRUCTION OF A DELAY MODEL OF SIGNALING TRAFFIC IN NETWORK BASED ON THE IMS SUBSYSTEM

A.A. Gamil, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, postgraduate; obad-85a@mail.ru
N.A. Kulikov, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, postgraduate, Project Manager R&D PROTEI LTd; kulikov@protei.ru

Recent development of communication systems has led to appearance of IMS architecture. One of the most important tasks of IMS is to support the quality of service, firstly the delays of access to services. However, this issue has not been studied well enough. The paper proposes a mathe-matical model for evaluation the quality of services provided by the IMS-network.
Keywords: IMS, NGN, PSTN, Quality of service, Queuing Networks, Delay variation.


DIRECTION FINDING OF BASE STATIONS IN LTE NETWORKS

A.L. Gelgor, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, assistant professor, Ph.D.; a_gelgor@mail.ru
I.I. Pavlenko, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, postgraduate; ipavlenko. mail@gmail.com
G.A. Fokin, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, assistant professor, Ph.D.; grihafokin@gmail.com
A.I. Gorlov, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, assistant;
anton.gorlov@yandex.ru
E.A. Popov, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, assistant professor, Ph.D.; eugapop@gmail.com
V.A. Lavrukhin, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Head of Research and Education Center for Wireless Communications; lavrukhin@sut.ru
M.A. Sivers, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, professor, Dr.Sci. (Tech.); m. sivers@mail.ru

Direction estimation algorithm for LTE base stations is proposed in the paper. The algorithm is based on the analysis of autocorrelation functions of cell-specific reference signals and is assumed using of mobile receiver station with antenna array. By comparison the modified K-factor with the threshold value identification of line of sight is carrying out. The proposed algorithm is compared with estimation algorithms based on pure analysis of raw signal and analysis of primary synchronization signal. All algorithms were tested on the real signals. Proposed algorithm was shown to provide the best accuracy in direction estimation.
Keywords: estimation of direction, LTE, antenna array, primary synchronization signal, common reference signals.


SYNCHRONIZATION OF INFORMATION SIGNAL IN TRANSMITTERS OF SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORKS OF DIGITAL TV BROADCASTING

V.L. Karyakin, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, professor, Dr. Sci. (Tech.); vl@karyakin.ru
D.V. Karyakin, Juniper Networks, Senior Systems Engineer, Ph.D.;
dm@karyakin.ru
L.A. Morozova, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, associate professor, Ph.D.; morozova@rcf.ru

Article is devoted to the problem of synchronization information signal transmitters in single frequency networks for digital TV broadcasting standard DVB-T2. The mechanism of formation of the time stamp packet transmitter shown in the flow T2-MI, is used to synchronize the transmitter radiation standard DVB-T2. Method of phase synchronization information signal transmitters in SFN network is proposed.
Measurement and calibration delays in transmitters network SPS provides a method. Networks have significant time delay spread information signal processing and signal delay spread in the communication channels from the center to the transmitter input.
Keywords: Single Frequency Network, SFN, DVB-T2, the flow of T2-MI, timestamp, time delays, phase synchronization.


COGNITIVE RADIO TECHNOLOGY. ASPECTS OF THE PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

S.V. Kizima, ITU, expert, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); 5 314 368@mail.ru
S.G. Mitchenkov, «Radian-M» LLC, Vice-head; mitchenkov@mail.ru
B.B. Emelyannikov, «Radian-M» LLC, Chief of Implementation and project support group; boris@radian-m.ru
The article discusses the feasibility of cognitive radio technologies, taking into account the experience of the design and functionality of the existing automated systems in the area of radio frequency spectrum management.
Keywords: cognitive radio system, radio frequency spectrum, radio frequency planning, radio monitoring.


FLYING SENSOR NETWORKS

A.E. Koucheryavy, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, department chief, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); akouch@mail.ru
A.G. Vladyko, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, scientific department chief, Ph.D.; vladyko@sut.ru
R.V. Kirichek, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, associate professor, Ph.D.
A.I. Paramonov, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, associate professor; Ph.D.; alex-in-spb@yandex.ru
A.V. Prokopiev, JSC «Ubitel», department chief, Ph.D.
I.A. Bogdanov, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, postgraduate
A.A. Dort-Goltz, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, postgraduate

The new investigation area of ubiquitous sensor networks is considered. It’s the flying sensor networks. The flying sensor networks architectures are proposed. The information collection point selection method for flying sensor networks is developed.
Keywords: Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, Flying Sensor Networks, Internet of Things, network clustering.


MICROWAVE 4-PORT STEPPED ELLIPTIC FILTER FOR DECIMETER BAND

A.P. Maksimov, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, рostgraduate; apmaksimov@gmail.com
Faiz Saleh Ali Awgari, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, рostgraduate; fsaleh28@yahoo.com
A.R. Kubalova, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, senior teacher, Ph.D.; kubalovaap@mail.ru
S.V. Tomashevich, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.)

Elliptic function filters have the advantage of enhanced selectivity with comparison to Chebychev or Butterworth filters. With help of theory of digital resonator filters one can design elliptic filter in the form of parallel connection of two coupled lines arrays. Normally the input and output of such filters are located on a single side of device housing, which is significant limitation for antenna-feeder systems design. A new four-port structure for stepped elliptical microwave filter is proposed with identical frequency characteristics for each of the four ways to connect the filter.
Keywords: elliptic filter, microwave engineering, stripline, full-wave electromagnetic field simulation, multi-wire line.


MOBILE TERMINAL DIRECTION FINDING IN THE CELLULAR NETWORKS

A.A. Moshkin, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, рostgraduate; saneek@gmail.com

The article describes base principals of mobile terminal location using available resources of the cellular network. Special emphasis is given to the method of mobile terminal direction finding. Several results of the experimental research of the direction finding method in the areas with different base station density are given at the end of the article.
Keywords: cellular networks; direction finding; mobile objects location.


COMPARISON OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR UBIQUITOUS SENSOR NETWORKS

A.S. Muthanna, The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunication, postgraduate; ammarexpress@gmail.com

Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN) are the technological basis for the concept of the Internet of Things. Many applications of the Internet of Things provides for the creation of USN with different density of nodes location. That‘s why authors decided to compare the USN routing protocols and select a particular protocol for the deploying of the sensor network depends on its density. In the article compared AODV and RPL protocols and defined scope of their application for building USN.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, Routing Protocols.


CONDITIONS OF EFFICIENCY FOR APPLICATION OF MODERN COMPRESSION METHODS OF TV IMAGES

A.N. Puziy, Tashkent University of Information Technologies (TUIT), postgraduate; puziy-2008@mail.ru
I.A. Gavrilov, TUIT, the associate professor, Ph.D.; gavrilov-1960@mail.ru

In the article the analysis of existing and perspective methods of TV ima¬ges' data volumes compression on the basis of DCT, wavelet transformations and fractals with using interframe processing on the basis of movement indemnification methods is carried out. For increasing of stream video signals compression efficiency methods on a basis images brightness transformations and scaling are offered.
Keywords: digital TV, image signals compression, DCT, wavelet, fractal, brightness transformations, movement indemnification, segmentation, scaling, metadata, increasing of compression efficiency.

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