GEOSTATIONARY ELECTRIC SATELLITES: THE FACTOR OF TIME AND REGULATORY PROCEDURES
- E.L. Morozova, Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, head of international legal service, International Institute of Space Law, member of the board, morozova@intersputnik.com.
Keywords: geostationary electric satellites, spacecraft, International Telecommunication Union, ITU, Radio Regulations Board, Radio Regulations, satellite orbits, regulatory time-limit, frequency assignment.
Under consideration are specific aspects of using geostationary electric satellites while complying with the regulatory time-limits set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is shown that in contrast to the technologies of conventional satellites, which use liquid-propellant apogee boost motors for orbit raising or direct injection into orbit by upper stages, it takes all-electric satellites much more time to reach their orbital positions. It is analyzed whether these different technologies can be brought closer together on a regulatory level.
NON-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEMS: NEW RULES OF BRINGING INTO USE AND MILESTONE-BASED DEPLOYMENT
- E.L. Morozova, Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, head of international legal service, International Institute of Space Law, member of the board, morozova@intersputnik.com.
Keywords: non-geostationary satellite networks and systems, World Radiocommunication Conference, frequency assignments, International Telecommunication Union, ITU, Radiocommunication Bureau, recording of frequency assignments.
This article analyzes specific aspects of offering satellite services to operators of non-geostationary-orbit (NGSO) satellite systems. The need to develop separate rules to bring into use frequency assignments to non-geostationary multi-satellite constellations is justified. Emphasis is laid on the role of WRC-19 in dealing with this issue: WRC-19 elaborated on the procedures of bringing into use NGSO systems that differ depending on the type of space radio-communication service and approved a new Resolution setting a milestone-based approach to the implementation of frequency assignments to NGSO satellite systems. Thus, there was established a balance: on the one hand, any inefficient use of spectrum is prevented and, on the other hand, ITU mechanisms used to manage frequency assignments to NGSO systems are used appropriately without excessively affecting operators.
CALCULATION TECHNIQUE OF EVALUATION THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY OF RADIO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS IN THE FRESNEL ZONE
- E.P. Kolesnikov, NPC SOTIS LLC, senior researcher, Ph.D., kepavl@yandex.ru;
- M.N. Kupin, NPC SOTIS LLC, chief designer, kupin@sotis-ltd.com;
- I.V. Chervyakov, NPC SOTIS LLC, deputy chief designer, chiv@yandex.ru.
Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, directional antennas, Fresnel zone.
Based on experimental studies, it is proposed a procedure for evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic devices with directional antennas when antennas of these devices are placed at a short distance from each other in the Fresnel zone.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE MONITORING OF NETWORK SECURITY EVENTS
- S.D. Erokhin, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI), rector, associate professor, Ph.D., esd@mtuci.ru;
- A.N. Petukhov, National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), associate professor, Ph.D., anpetukhov@yandex.ru;
- P.L. Pilyugin, Lomonosov Moscow State University, senior research fellow, Ph.D.; paul.pilyugin@gmail.com.
Keywords: information security, security events, security event monitoring, error indication incident, vector optimization, hazard factor, intensity factor.
The article deals with the assessment of the level of errors of active monitoring of information security and the task of multi-criteria optimization of the security events used to indicate the incident. The connection of the error level indicators and statistical characteristics of security events is shown. The possibility of using statistical characteristics to optimize the composition of events according to the criteria of the error level of the incident indication is investigated.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS CAPABILITIES IN HIDDEN PATTERNS EXTRACTING
- S.V. Palmov, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PSUTI), department of information systems and technologies, associate professor, Ph.D., psv@psuti.ru;
- A.A. Diyazitdinova, PSUTI, department of information systems and technologies, senior lecturer, miftaxovaaa@mail.ru;
- E.S. Artyushkina, PSUTI, student, lenkan-94@mail.ru.
Keywords: decision tree, association rules, artificial intelligence, intelligent systems, hidden patterns.
Two programs developed by the authors of the article based on artificial intelligence methods are presented. These programs allow solving hidden patterns discovering problems in statistical data: Augur and iWizard-E. The first is based on association rules mining algorithm, and the second is based on a modified CART decision tree. To increase the reliability of the comparative analysis results, four third-party intelligent systems (Deductor, Orange, KNIME and WizWhy) were used in the study, as well as two sets of statistical data, each of which contains sixteen patterns. A series of seven experiments showed significant superiority of iWizard-E over Augur, which is due to a more advanced iWizard-E algorithm.
A NEW CRITERION OF OPTIMALITY OF SPACE-TIME MATRICES
- A.A. Reznev, Scientific and Research Center Atlas, head of a department, andrey.reznev@gmail.com;
V.B. Kreyndelin, MTUCI, head of a department, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.), vitkrend@gmail.com.
Keywords: MIMO, EVCM, equivalent Virtual Channel Matrix, evaluation criteria, determinant criteria, space-time coding, Golden code, computational complexity, complexity of algorithm.
The application of optimality criteria for the study of space-time codes is considered. Known rank and determinant criteria are described. The computational complexity of determinant criteria is presented taking into account some estimation of the real CPU’s specifications. An algorithm for calculating a new optimality criterion is described. The computational complexity of the new optimality criterion is evaluated. The new criterion is applied to the study of the space-time Golden matrix. The obtained criterion value is used to modify the Golden code. The modeling for Golden code demonstrates that criterion works and gives us better levels for noise immunity. The proposed optimality criterion is acceptable in terms of computational complexity even for a large number of antennas, which is typical for large-scale MIMO systems.
HIGH-EFFICIENCY ZIGZAG ANTENNA
- A.M. Somov, FSUE NIIR, chief scientific officer, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.), somov_am@list.ru;
- A.B. Kozhukhov, FSUE NIIR, engineer.
Keywords: Wi-Fi, digital TV, antenna, schema, options, appearance.
A new zigzag wire antenna of increased efficiency of the decimeter and centimeter wavelength ranges is presented. Directional characteristics in the orthogonal planes and directivity factors in these ranges are obtained. The results of measurements of directional patterns and the degree of harmonization of the active model of an antenna with the coaxial high-frequency path, as well as the appearance of antennas of 2.5 and 5.0 GHz bands are presented.
ANTIJAMMING ABILITY OF THE THREE-ELEMENT ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARRAY IN THE MULTI-PATH HF CHANNELS
- S.A. Metelev, JSC SPE Polyot, head of a department, associate professor, Dr.Sci.(Phys.-Math.), metelev55@mail.ru;
- E.N. Volkova, JSC SPE Polyot, leading engineer.
Keywords: multi-path, decorrelation, spatial signal processing, antenna array, HF, model, channel, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR.
Using the modified Watterson model of the radio channel the spatial signal processing (SSP) features of two- and three-element adaptive antenna arrays in the nonstationary multi-path HF channels are investigated. It is shown that the addition of a third antenna element significantly enhances the SSP efficiency of the multipath HF signals in comparison with two-element SSP.