REQUIREMENTS FOR METRICS AND CONTENT OF THE METHODICAL APPARATUS FOR PLANNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE AND ELIMINATING DIGITAL INEQUALITY
A.A. Zaharov, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), deputy director general, associate professor, Ph.D.; a.zaharov@niir.ru
S.I. Lopato, NIIR, Center for Research of Big Data Processing Systems, deputy director; lopato@niir.ru
A.G. Korotkova, NIIR, head of the Big Data Collection and Aggregation Department; korotkova@niir.ru
S.V. Kizima, NIIR, Center for Research of Big Data Processing Systems, director, ITU expert, associate professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); kizima@niir.ru
The article is devoted to the problems of digital inequality, determined by differences in the composition, cost levels, and quality of telecommunications infrastructure services provided to consumers in regions, territorial areas, and points of geospatial space. The systematized requirements for models and metrics of consumers and providers of telecommunications infrastructure services are aimed at obtaining quantitative estimates of the balance of supply and demand for services and indicators of digital inequality. The proposed models and metrics contribute to determining the levels of development of telecommunications infrastructure in regions and territorial areas.
Keywords: digital inequality, telecommunications infrastructure, geospatial, consumer and service provider models, indicators, metrics, levels of development of telecommunications infrastructure.
CALCULATION OF THE NEEDS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES AT THE POINTS OF GEOSPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BASED ON THE ROSSTAT DATA IN ORDER TO ENSURE PLANNING AND CONTROL OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS. PART II
S.I. Lopato, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), Center for Research of Big Data Processing Systems, deputy director; lopato@niir.ru
The article presents a methodology for calculating the needs of individual and corporate users in wireless and wired telecommunications services. The methodology is based on the use of open data on the current availability of these users with telecommunications services in the amount of information generated and published by Rosstat of the Russian Federation as part of the annual statistical collections of Rosstat of the Russian Federation «Information Society of the Russian Federation». The second part of the article contains formulas for calculating the values of needs for telecommunication services delivered via wireless and wired communication channels for a given point of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: telecommunication infrastructure, infrastructure project, telecommunication service needs, geospatial point, infrastructure categories of consumer affiliation, markers of geospatial point belonging to the type of terrain and development.
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ICT DEVELOPMENT INDEX: CURRENT STATUS AND FURTHER PROSPECTS
A.Yu. Plossky, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), deputy head of laboratory; aplossky@gmail.com
U.A. Stoliarova, NIIR, specialist; stolyarova@niir.ru
The article analyses the history of creation and the changes of the main international statistical benchmark tool for the digital divide measurement — ICT Development Index, from 2009 until the temporary halt in publication in 2018. An overview of the progress of the resumption of work on the IDI in 2022−2023 is presented in accordance with the interest of the Member States of the International Telecommunication Union. Proposals are given for the further development of the Index until 2027, taking into account the remaining shortcomings in terms of data collection and difficulties in achieving consensus on the structure of the IDI.
Keywords: International Telecommunication Union, Plenipotentiary Conference, ICT Development Index, IDI, international statistics.
PRECONDITIONS FOR THE TELECOMMUNICATION RATING OF THE MEMBER STATES OF THE REGIONAL COMMONWEALTH IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATIONS
N.P. Reznikova, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), chief scientific officer, professor, Dr. Sci. (Econ.); reznikova.natalya1946@yandex.ru
G.S. Artemieva, Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, department of digital economics, management and business technologies, associate professor, Ph. D. (Econ.); artemieva-g-s@yandex.ru
The diversity, complexity, and uneven development of the telecommunications/ICT sector (telecom/ICT) of the member states of the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (MS RCC) increases the relevance and significance of monitoring the balance of the Region’s telecom/ICT infrastructure development. The preconditions and feasibility for the formation of the MS RCC rating in the field of telecom/ICT are considered. It is shown that one of thepossible tools for reflecting the phenomena of harmonization of telecom/ICT development in the RCC and the formation of a rating can be the corresponding general index for the RCC, the structure of which is presented in the article.
Keywords: telecommunication/ICT sector (telecom/ICT); Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications (RCC), RCC member states (RСC MS), national interests in telecom/ICT, RCC MS rating, Universal telecommunications development index (UTDI-RCC), method of comparative comprehensive analysis, International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF AN OPEN APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET
M.Yu. Kutepov, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), director of SIT; kutepov@niir.ru
I.A. Bukharev, NIIR, head of research center; bukharevia@niir.ru
V.V. Plakhov, NIIR, leading specialist; plakhovvv@niir.ru
The article provides a brief analysis of existing approaches and trends in the implementation of unified methodologies for the implementation of application program interfaces called Open APIs, and considers options for implementing in the telecommunications market of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: open data, application programming interfaces API, telecom market.
METHODS FOR DETERMINATING THE THROUGHPUT OF DIRECT-TO-DEVICE HYBRID SATELLITE SYSTEMS PROVIDING 5G/6G SERVICES
A.S. Pastukh, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), head of laboratory; a.pastukh@niir.ru
E.E. Devyatkin, NIIR, director of Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies Research Center; edevyatkin@niir.ru
The paper presents methods for determining the throughput of hybrid satellite communication systems to provide direct-to-device 5G/6G services using smartphones. General approaches to simulating hybrid satellite systems (HSS) radio links are described taking into account adaptive modulation and coding, and an example simulation is done that determines the throughput of the uplink and downlink HSS channels in the satellite network that operates in the UHF frequency band.
Keywords: hybrid satellite systems, HSS, UHF, 3GPP, 5G, 6G, direct-to-device.
OPEN RAN FOR 6G MOBILE NETWORKS
A.A. Konstantinova, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), deputy director of research center; konstantinovaaa@niir.ru
D.A. Palcin, NIIR, director of research center; palcin@niir.ru
A.A. Zaharov, NIIR, deputy director general, associate professor, Ph.D.; a.zaharov@niir.ru
A.S. Fen, NIIR, head of department; fen@niir.ru
A.Yu. Tsym, NIIR, chief researcher, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); tsymay@niir.ru
A.V. Shalaginov, NIIR, leading engineer; shalaginovav@niir.ru
The development of Open RAN has a high priority in the global telecom industry as the basis of 6G mobile communication networks, designed to become a pillar of the data economy. O-RAN addresses the main drawbacks of traditional RAN, such as vendor lock-in, management and automation inflexibility, high power consumption, and the need for large investments. These shortcomings can be overcome through decentralization, virtualization, and open standard interfaces between components, which opens the RAN market to innovations and new participants, increases the adoption of new services, and significantly reduces the total cost of ownership for operators.
Keywords: open radio access network, O-RAN, disaggregation, virtualization, open interfaces, artificial intelligence.
REPRESENTATION OF RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES ANTENNA SYSTEMS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY TASKS
A.V. Barankin, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR) — Samara Branch, head of technology and electromagnetic safety department; barankin@soniir.ru
M.Yu. Maslov, NIIR — Samara Branch, head of the scientific and educational center, associate professor, Ph.D.; mikem@soniir.ru
A.A. Neveshkin, NIIR — Samara Branch, research officer, Ph.D.; neveshkin.aa@soniir.ru
Yu.M. Spodobaev, NIIR — Samara Branch, chief researcher, professor, Dr.Sci.(Tech.); spod@soniir.ru
The article deals with current issues related to the mathematical representation of the radiation characteristics of antenna systems in modern and prospective radio networks, which are essential for solving problems of electromagnetic safety. A statistical approach to the description of the directivity characteristics of MIMO antennas is proposed.
Keywords: electromagnetic safety, telecommunication systems, electromagnetic monitoring, electrodynamic modeling, statistical characteristics of antenna systems, MIMO.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERN ENVELOPES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY STUDIES
O.I. Yastrebtsova, The M.I. Krivosheev Radio Research & Development Institute (NIIR), head of laboratory, Ph.D.; yastrebtsova@niir.ru
This article presents the analysis of the reference antenna radiation patterns used in electromagnetic compatibility studies in the form of peak and average sidelobe envelopes. The consideration was carried out assuming that the radiation level in directions other than the main beam is a random value. The analysis carried out in the article has shown that a value of about 3−4 dB used to obtain the average envelope from the peak envelope gives a radiation level that may be exceeded approximately 50−60% of the time. So the use of average envelopes leads to an overestimation of radiation levels in the case of studies conducted by the Monte Carlo method, but its use is justified in the case of calculating the aggregate interference that does not take into account percentages of time since it allows to correctly take into account the radiation power of the antenna. The use of the peak envelope is appropriate in studies where the protection criterion cannot be exceeded 100% of the time.
Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, antennas, antenna arrays, reflector antennas, Monte-Carlo method.
DETECTION OF DELIBERATE DESTRUCTIVE ATTACKS IN INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS BASED ON MICRODISTORTIONS OF INFORMATION TRAFFIC
I.A. Sorokin, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics (NNSUEE), department of infocommunication technologies and communication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; ivansorokin@bk.ru
S.V. Shakhtanov, NNSUEE, department of infocommunication technologies and communication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; r155p@bk.ru
T.A. Kondranenkova, NNSUEE, department of infocommunication technologies and communication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; tat2192@mail.ru
P.N. Romanov, NNSUEE, department of infocommunication technologies and communication systems, senior lecturer; pavel.romanov011@gmail.com
D.V. Ganin, NNSUEE, department of infocommunication technologies and communication systems, associate professor, Ph.D.; ngiei135@mail.ru
A method for detecting intrusions into an automated process control system (APCS) based on introduced microdistortions, which helps detect hidden intruders, is considered. The basis of the method is the integration of microdistortions based on a common secret key into the eadings of the control sensor of distortions based on a common secret key, while the microdistortions, which is additionally introduced into the control package must have the minimum required volume to maintain the information performance of the data transmission network as a whole.
Keywords: automated control system, information security, micro distortion, intrusion detection.
